Introduction To The Oil And Gas Industry Commerce Essay

Prologue To The Oil And Gas Industry Commerce Essay The creation of raw petroleum can incorporate up to three unique stages and they are essential, auxiliary and tertiary. The tertiary technique is otherwise called the Enhanced oil recuperation (EOR). Various strategies for upgraded oil recuperation (EOR) are intended to recoup oil left in the supply after both essential and optional recuperation techniques have been actualized according to their monetary cutoff points. It is likewise characterized as the procedure where some outside vitality, sources were acquainted with upgrade the creation of oil from the oil field which is forgotten about after the abuse of the essential and auxiliary strategies financially. These outer sources can be gases, synthetic compounds or even steam through infusion frameworks and the procedures included are gas infusion, concoction infusion, warm infusion and microbial infusion. The motivation behind Enhanced oil recuperation (EOR) is to expand oil creation, fundamentally through an expansion in temperature, pressure, or an upgrade of the oils capacity to course through the store. The test of EOR is that the rest of the oil is situated in districts of the supply that are hard to get to, and the oil is held in the pores by slender weight. During essential recuperation, the common weight of the repository drives oil into the wellbore, and counterfeit lift methods, (for example, siphons) carry the oil to the surface. Just around 10 percent of a supplies unique oil set up (OOIP) is commonly delivered during essential recuperation. Auxiliary recuperation techniques applied to the fields gainful life for the most part by infusing water or gas to uproot oil and drive it to a creation wellbore, bringing about the recuperation of 20 to 40 percent of the first oil set up. When the repository is half unfilled it is pricey to separate and not beneficial for the organiza tions to create oil. Now of time the organizations may surrender the supply which is half full. In the previous twenty years, many research associations and oil organizations have directed broad hypothetical and lab EOR (improved oil recuperation) examines to incorporate approving pilot and field preliminaries pertinent to much required household business application, while western nations had ended such undertakings totally because of low oil costs. Lately, oil request has expanded and now these activities have gotten increasingly alluring. On a normal, 66% of the first oil found in the U.S stays in the ground after regular recuperation activities. This oil speaks to around 200 billion barrels. Because of these variables the greater part of the significant oil organizations are keen on strategies to remove this oil. What's more, that is the place improved oil recuperation comes in. 2. CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES 2.1 Gas infusion: This is the most widely recognized and powerful technique to improve the oil creation from the field, which is noted as the best one for creation of oil for various oil fields. This was first attempted in Texas during the 1970s. This strategy has been planned to improve the weight of supply, keeping up low working expenses with the expansion underway of oil. The underlying costs for the essential gear and segments of gas are high, because of which this procedure has not seen across the board application. Then again the working expenses for this framework are low, these forthright speculation costs were the boundaries for the littler autonomous oil organizations to actualize this gas infusion EOR; anyway the venture return made feasible for even free littler organizations with the record oil costs. This technique partners with nitrogen, gaseous petrol and basically carbon dioxide with the infusion procedure into the field. The gas (carbon dioxide) spreads and pushes the additional oil to the spot it very well may be extricated out without any problem. Step by step carbon dioxide breaks down in the oil which assists with improving the oil stream rate by decreasing the thickness of the oil. In these applications, the greater part and up to 66% of the infused carbon dioxide comes back with the oil created and is normally re-infused into the supply to limit the working expenses and the rest of the gas is caught in the oil repository in different methods. The use of the carbon dioxide for the gas infusion EOR brought about the anticipation of bounty destructive gases from entering the characteristic air. C:UsersROCKYDesktopenhanced-oil-recovery.jpg 2.2 Thermal recuperation: Steam infusion procedure has been economically utilized since 1960s in California fields. As warmth is required to upgrade the oil stream rate, steam is sent into the store through the infusion framework to lessen its thickness or flimsy the substantial gooey oil, and improve its capacity to course through the supply which can be created at the delivering bore well. Dolberry oil surveyed that steam partner for 52percent of present strategies utilized for Enhanced oil recuperation, when contrasted with the carbon dioxide at 31percent and nitrogen 17percent. The innovation called Steam Slugging contains a blend of steam and carbon dioxide that seemed to twofold the creation of oil inside a less timeframe which delivered great outcomes, making additional ten barrels for every day with included favorable circumstances like water removal and cleaning of the drag well. In this procedure each well is infused for going to 12 hours and afterward the well is left drenched for 12 to 15 hours in which the gas (carbon dioxide) mixes with the oil while and simultaneously nitrogen gas helps in pulling the oil to where weight is low. The additional warmth delivered by the additional compel assists with slackening the oil in the compensation zone. In the end the oil delivered in this procedure is extricated in the compensation zone environmental factors. 2.3 Chemical recuperation: There are two sorts of synthetics that can be sent to the field to improve the oil creation, they are polymers and surfactants. The long chain atoms called polymers which thickens the water used to clear oil through the supply into delivering wells. Surfactants are cleanser like synthetic concoctions that assists with deterring beads of oil from moving in the supply by bringing down the interfacial strain. Execution of this strategy is commonly discouraged by the cost factor in synthetic substances. In this procedure, the synthetic substances are sent into the various wells through infusion framework which helps in extricating the oil from the wells which are close by. 2.4 Microbial upgraded oil recuperation: This strategy isn't utilized all the time due to the significant expenses and the improvements in this method are exceptionally later. This technique alludes to the utilization of small scale living beings to recuperate additional oil from live oil fields, improving the oil creation in the hold. In this strategy small scale creatures are acquainted into the hold with produce innocuous side-effects, for example, gases or dangerous characteristic substances which help to push oil out of the well. The utilization of small scale life forms and their metabolic items to improve the oil creation includes the infusion of the chose microorganisms into the oil field and the resulting incitement and transportation of their in-situ development items all together that their quality will help in further decrease of lingering oil left in the oil field after auxiliary recuperation is depleted. 3. Worldwide TRENDS The greater part of the oil organizations expected to diminish the investigation expenses of the current oil fields and increment their creation and recoverable stores. Numerous reconciliation strategies and co-tasks have been set up among the organizations particularly in the Enhanced oil recuperation (EOR) zone, pointing not exclusively to expand their stores, yet additionally to broaden the valuable supply lifetime. In an investigation USA case is broke down from 1986 to the start of 1998, since this is the nation that has applied the vast majority of these methods. As of late shaped key relationship in this period are likewise examined. A bibliometric investigation has been performed which shows RD inclinations of EOR technique in colleges, oil organizations and establishments. The investigation shows that the EOR strategies applied overall upgraded the creation of oil and gas holds, upheld on innovations, for example, multilateral and flat wells, 3D-4D seismic procedures, test systems, atomic attractive reverberation, materials (polymers, froths, supplements and so on) and gear (wound tubing) and so on have been end up being exceptionally successful. Current patterns in United States upgraded oil recuperation (EOR) ventures are investigated for the period from 1980-1987. The examination depends on the U.S. Division of Energy (DOE) EOR venture information base which contains data on in excess of 1200 activities. The National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER) stays up with the latest and dissect slants in the information under the arrangements of a helpful concurrence with the DOE. The recognizable pattern is the consistent decrease in the quantity of tasks beginning every year since 1981, which compares the consistent decrease in the oil costs during that period. Then again, polymer and immiscible carbon dioxide ventures which topped in number of starts in 1983. The pattern is by all accounts unmistakably moving towards the lower chance tasks inside the screening measures. Genuine field experimentation with suppositions of higher dangers has been diminishing. This pattern has considered a to be in 1986 as the arranged tasks seemed to have turned around the decrease in venture begins, anyway during this time sharp drop in oil costs drove organizations to forsake a few activities and defer others. Just the huge capital ventures previously made has seen new beginnings. Regardless of the impermanent misfortune, long haul EOR possibilities stay great, to a great extent in light of the fact that EOR stays probably the least expensive wellspring of new oil holds and could assume a key job in keeping up consistent oil creation for what's to come. The worldwide market for EOR, assessed at about $62.5 billion (for barrels of raw petroleum) for 2009, has demonstrated energizing development since 2005 totaling $3.1 billion. Cloudy guidelines, mechanical difficulties and expensive execute

Social Contract essays

Implicit understanding articles It probably won't be conceivable to live a moral and well behaved life and still have the option to keep up control of our fate without being squashed by outside forces. In any case, we should attempt on the off chance that we need to live as a major aspect of a network, we should attempt since we'll be returning to a province of Nature on the off chance that we don't. At the point when Jean Jacques Rousseau composed The Social Contract he expressed that ...a point was reached throughout the entire existence of humankind when the deterrents to proceeding in a territory of Nature were more grounded than the powers which every individual could utilize as far as possible of proceeding in it. (Rousseau, p.179) and that ...humankind would have died had it not changed its way of presence. (Rousseau, p.179). Because of this Social Contract people have deserted a territory of Nature where ethic and laws didn't exist and they became rather a network building up an ...a focal bearing... (Rousseau, p.179) and figuring out how ...to act in show... (Rousseau, p.179). In any event, when outside forces can control our fate we ought to try constantly to live a moral and well behaved life. On the off chance that we do stop well be influencing us and every other person around us. It will be the initial move towards downhill on the tricky slant. The elusive incline can be characterized as: in the event that An is allowed, at that point by a slow arrangement of little strides through B, C, ..., X, Y, in the long run Z will be as well. We ought not allow Z so accordingly, we ought not allow A. Applying living a moral and decent life to this idea we can express that in the event that I quit doing it, my neighbor will quit doing it, and his neighbor will quit doing it, etc until the whole society will quit doing it, leaving us in a totally territory of Nature. Jean Jacques Rousseau insisted that What a man loses because of the Social Contract is his normal freedom and his unfit right to lay hands on all that entices him..... <!

The Price Of Todays Education Why Is College Not Worth It - 1100 Words

The Price Of Today's Education: Why Is College Not Worth It? (Essay Sample) Content: Student’s Name: Professor’s Name: Course: Date: Why Is College not Worth It? Thousands of students spend more than five figures on their tuition fees, opting for a distinguishable institution. They do not want to join the cheap state schools. The students under the pressure of their colleagues really care about the price tag and want to go to prestige schools with big names. They do not care about the quality of education or the number of fees they are going to pay. However, this is not worth it at all. At this competitive century, students are told that they could do anything and achieve what they want in life if they put their minds on what they wanted to be. In college, everyone is special, and all believed they would land to their dream jobs through their hard work in class. Parents believe that giving their children quality college education will translate to a brighter future for them. But what they do not know is that currently, quality means expensiveness. There is very little utility felt in schools after paying the huge fees. Another reason why I think college education is not worth it is the bubbled student loans. In 2017, on average, a single college student owed the government over $33000 (Hess). This is a very high amount comparing to about two decades ago where the value was almost half of this even when including the factor of inflation. The increase of the loan debts currently in the United States of America is directly proportional to the housing crisis. The main reason behind this is the constant rising of the subsidized lending. This has therefore caused an upward pressure on the college tuition. When talking to people in the job market who graduated from college, they find that their education was not worth it. Many people regret going to the expensive colleges. It is not that the quality of education they received was low or that what they learned does not apply in the real-work environment. The main reason behind this is that practically, less than 10% of interviewees want to know the college you went to (Mackie). They may inquire during an interview, but that will not be of any advantage. The employers are more interested in the amount of industry knowledge that one has. This shows that there is a very big gap between the expectations of the college students and the reality outside there. This therefore makes college education worthless. Also, tutors at these expensive colleges always deceive their students that their degrees will earn them the best paying jobs available in the market. Therefore, college students in the United States of America may expect to earn more than a million dollars in a lifetime more than a person who did not proceed after high school. This is a very huge amount, considering that the college graduate will depend on salaries or wages. However, the high-school leaver will have almost a four-year head start either in the labor force or in the business environment. Having all the factors constant, the high-school leaver will have a chance to have a better life than a student who went to college. Firstly, concerning the student’s loan, the high-school leaver will not have any burden of offsetting the debts since he or she did not get the chance of borrowing it. The college student after completing his or her studies, will be required to pay off the loans regardless of whether he or she has been employed or not. In this competitive job market, getting employment has even become harder since a lot of people have almost the same qualifications yet only a few positions are required. As mentioned above, almost a third of the students graduate with a debt of more than five figures. Also, in colleges, what one decides to pursue will have a great impact on his or her life. For example, an engineering or medical graduate from an expensive college will expect very high salaries and direct employment (Ellis). On the other hand, people taking art courses may expect lower salaries than those taking technical ones (Norton). Therefore, the college has created a negative perception for some students where ones feel more superior than others. This can have major negative effects to students who wanted to pursue the technical courses, but the grading system could not let them. Despite the high tuition fees paid in the colleges, the students are not assured of top-quality education and services (Newton). This has seen the increase in number of dropouts from the colleges. The main reason behind this can be the delayed graduations or the lower effect on workforce participation. Moreover, if the student is a woman or a person from a different race, there is still gender and racial discrimination at the workplaces even after paying huge sums of money. This therefore makes the college education appear worthless especially to the women who have graduated from expensive colleges but have not yet been employed. Another main logic behind the argument that college education is worthless is when analyzing the figures of people entering college and those graduating. Colleges are now enrolling a very big number of high-school graduates as never before. However, the amount of people completing and graduating from college does not correspond to that of those joining. The reduced number of graduates is a clear indication of a public dissatisfaction on the college education. Also, one factor that has undermined the college educa...

Argumentative Essay On Gun Control - 1153 Words

In an editorial published in the Vidette Online titled â€Å"We Need Gun Control Now More Than Ever,† the editorial board takes on the topic of the need for stricter gun control. The editorial board reports that if gun control isn’t more strictly enforced it will only create more mass shootings. They make the point that if there was stricter gun control many people would still be living, but their lives have been cut short because of mass shootings. The editorial board is correct when they go on to say enough is enough and we need to figure out a way to stop these mass shootings (â€Å"Editorial: We†). However, the board is not correct when they make the statement that putting an end to mass shooting is going to be solved by banning firearms all†¦show more content†¦In the editorial the Vidette Online they make the point that lives are more important than steel. In this statement the Vidette Online is correct. However, gun control in America is one of th e most difficult things for many people to have an open perspective on. The Vidette Online says that it appears that caring about someone’s right to a gun is more important than caring about someone’s right to live. What many people don’t understand that is many gun control advocates say that if gun laws made it much more difficult to purchase firearms and if more firearms were banned people would be much safer (Haskins). For instance, many states with the lowest crime rates including homicide rates also have the fewest limits on gun ownership (Haskins). There is data to prove that even the states with higher gun ownership rates which include Alaska, Arkansas, Idaho, Montana, West Virginia, and Wyoming (Haskins). If gun-control supporters are correct about the dangers of firearms these six states would have a significantly higher crime rate (Haskins). On the other hand, many cities with low legal gun ownership rates such as Chicago have extremely high gun relate d murder rates (Haskins). It is not about the gun laws that are going to put an end to mass shootings. Another, big topic of gun control is banning semi-automatic weapons. In the Vidette Online they make the point thatShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay Gun Control1410 Words   |  6 Pages English 101 Argumentative/Persuasive Essay 4/12/2013 Word Count 1,255 Readability 12.3 There are new proposed gun control laws in the aftermath of the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newton, Connecticut that occurred on December 14th, 2012. This incident claimed the lives of twenty 1st graders and six adults and has set the government in motion to try to prevent future acts of violence by strengthening gun control laws in the United StatesRead MoreGun Control : Argumentative Essay Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages100 3 November, 2014 Gun Control: Argumentative Essay The gun control debate is a good example that justifies the common known mantra that history will always repeat itself. Gun control is a regulation put forward with an aim of managing the purchase and ownership of firearms with the main aim being to reduce the criminal and unsafe use of firearms. The gun control measures involve strategies such as registration of firearms aimed at restricting the ownership of guns by people proved to beRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Gun Control Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pages Argumentative Essay: Gun Control in America â€Å"The second amendment of The United States Bill of Rights is my concealed weapons permit, period.†- Ted Nugent. Saving lives one by one starts with limiting the purchase, sale, and use of guns in America. According to Alexander Lee, the political and social debate over the question of how much gun control is appropriate and it has been regularly discussed within the last decade. Shootings such as Sandy Hook, and Tucson shootings have raised the government’sRead MoreArgumentative Gun Control Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Gun Control Paper The issue of Gun Control has been on the minds of humans for hundreds of years. How do we protect ourselves and our loved ones? How do we keep such a dangerous weapon out of the hands of the wrong person? Inside the Second Amendment we are granted the right to Bear Arms. Having that amendment gives each person the ability to carry a weapon if they choose, so how can we control who should or shouldn’t carry? According to an article evaluated from KovandizicRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gun Control1397 Words   |  6 Pagesto the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791, as part of the first ten amendments located in the Bill of Rights. Since then there have been many attempts to create stricter gun control legislation and this leads to the argument whether or not this is an attack on the 2nd  Amendment? The Bill of Rights amendments adds to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and  rights. The Second Amendment was originally basedRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gun Control757 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is gun control? Who is affected by gun control? Why should someone care about gun control? Imagine going to a concert with your friends and family, you guys are laughing and having a good time when all of a sudden someone starts shooting up the place. Are you thinking to yourself if guns were banned this wouldnt have happened? Or are you wishing you had a gun to protect everyone from what is happening? Gun Control has been an issue since the beginning of time, there are some people who thinkRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gun Control715 Words   |  3 Pagescourse you can expect an ongoing political conversation on how to prevent attacks like this. During the attack, Paddock used what is called a â€Å"bump stock,† on many of his guns, making his gunsâ €™ rapid fire, like an automatic gun, which is what made it so easy for him to open fire and attack so many. After the tragic event, a gun control organization looked into the device that helped aid Paddock in his attack and decided they would sue the makers for making it so accessible, and other reasons. WashingtonRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gun Control1610 Words   |  7 PagesGun Control Although gun control laws are made to prevent violent outcomes, the influence which laws carry are the complete opposite to what one would think. Ever since the ratification of the Second Amendment, the debate on gun control has become a very heated topic. There is one side that believes that guns should be banned in order to stop any future tragedies from occurring. On the other hand, there is another side that believes guns are our cherished right to own and we should be allowed toRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gun Control1006 Words   |  5 PagesGun control in the United States is a very controversial topic in today’s political society, leaving the nation divided into two sides with two strongly opinionated beliefs. This all started with the increase in the amount of mass shootings and an overall increase in gun violence. The two sides consist of the liberal point of view and the conservative point of view. The liberals believe that the availability of firearms to the pe ople in the country is a major issue, and that the U.S. government isRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gun Control749 Words   |  3 PagesAs deciding to what topic I would choose to write a research paper on, the choice was quite simple. The major topic of many discussions today are about guns, gun control and how deadly they can be. The question at hand in my book is simple, are guns bad or are people bad? I believe that legal citizens, who can pass a background check with no prior felonies, should be entitled to the right to purchase and obtain a firearm. With that being said, there are quite a few loopholes in the current

CLEAN AND SOBER Essay - 795 Words

Clean and Sober was a movie about a guy name Darryl who was a drug and alcohol addict. The movie started out as him waking up beside a naked woman, then he started snorting cocaine, cocaine can give you hallucinations. When he was trying to wake up the woman, the woman was not budging, meaning she’s dead- overdosed with cocaine and this was the conflict of the story, and also he was running away from his boss because he took a great amount of money in their company and invested it on stocks and he lost it all. He went up to his friends and asked for some money so he could go far away, but no one helped him. The problem of dealing with this is a stress for him, now he has got to think of a plan where he could go away and not spend any†¦show more content†¦When his co-worker visited him on the hospital to discuss about his debt, Darryl explained to him what happened with the girl, and he defend himself saying that it was the girl who offered him the cocaine, this is rat ionalization. Through the time, Darryl was connecting with a girl named Charlie in the hospital. By the end of their time in the hospital, Darryl was intended to straighten out his life. Along with Charlie because he might have fallen for her or it’s because he wants to help her. He went to Charlie’s house and he ended up taking dinner with her and with her partner. Her partner was not a help to Charlie because he was smoking marijuana (a psychedelic drug) in front of her. Darryl invited Charlie for a dinner and asked her to live with her and leave her partner. When Charlie was talking to her partner over the phone, instead of saying that she will leave him because he was a bad influence, she ended up saying that she’ll go home immediately. This can be considered as reaction formation meaning that she didn’t mean what she said because maybe she was just threatened by her partner or maybe because she’s been with him for so long and she can’t imagine any other life without him in it. Darryl kept pursuing Charlie and eventually Charlie gave in. But then few days later, Charlie’s partner went toShow MoreRelatedSocial Work Observation Paper974 Words   |  4 Pagesstage, they have worked through the experiences of problem-solving, there is an increase in the validation of feelings and acceptance from each other (Hepworth et al., 2017, 2013). Group members share a common understanding of struggling to remain sober. Acknowledgement and appreciation is shown when a member shares how they have applied the twelve-steps to work through problems. The final step of separation involves tying up loose ends, finalizing a solution or plan (Hepworth et al., 2017, 2013Read MoreAdolescent and Family Systems Paper2622 Words   |  11 Pagesnot equal strength. People should not be ashamed to talk about their life story, Nic Sheff explained that â€Å"[He’s] come to discover that holding on to secrets about who [he is] and where [he came] from is toxic. 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At the conclusion of the war, women such as Abigail Adams, invigorated by the outcome, spoke to her husband, JohnRead MoreGeoffrey Canada and the Harlem Childrens Zone Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesprograms give families access to, â€Å"mental health service professionals who collaborate with case workers to support therapeutic interventions,† (Harlem children, 2009). Another opportunity for families struggling with sober living is Project CLASS (Clean Living and Staying Sober) which was important to Canada especially after seeing the havoc that alcoholism wreaked on his own home and the crack epidemic that destroyed his community in the 80s and 90s (Tough, 2008). The above are direct examplesRead MoreJesus Miracle1383 Words   |  6 Pagessee the good and divine power of Jesus. The stone water jars that the servants are told to fill with water are a symbol of purification. The jars are used for ceremonial washing for the Jews such as washing hands. 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TS/lX irilq[i[ :glPr fkm*lrk= caualuj HOUSE WARMING KAUMA CELEBRANT: In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, one true God:Read MoreThe Biblical Perspectives of Crime4108 Words   |  16 Pagestheir time in productive ways and avoid bad influences and the lure of gangs where they may be encouraged to commit crime. Some communities use monetary incentives for those who turn in guns or report criminal offenders. Still others, use efforts to clean up communities demolishing abandoned buildings, organizing neighborhood watch programs, increasing police presence, planting community gardens, removing litter, and improving noise and air pollution which have been shown to help thwart crime (MansfieldRead MoreAccident Avoidance Course6384 Words   |  26 PagesTERMINAL  LEARNING  OBJECTIVE   SECTION  III  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  PRESENTATION   A.   ENABLING  LEARNING  OBJECTIVE  A   B.   ENABLING  LEARNING  OBJECTIVE  B   C.   ENABLING  LEARNING  OBJECTIVE  C   SECTION  IV  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   SUMMARY   SECTION  V  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  STUDENT  EVALUATION   Appendix  A   Appendix  B   Appendix  C   Appendix  D   3   4   4   6   7   8   8   12   15   25   26   27   28   29   30   Appendix  E  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  31 2   PREFACE   Thi

Health Care Policy Is An Anomaly Among Industrialized Nations Example For Students

Health Care Policy Is An Anomaly Among Industrialized Nations The United States’ approach to health care policy is an anomaly among industrialized nations. Disagreement about what the federal government’s role in health care ought to be, combined with the structure of lawmaking institutions, have yielded generations of improvised policies and programs that intend to mollify individual issues created by the health care system rather than comprehensively addressing its flaws. Following World War II, while most industrialized nations were creating national systems for health care in order to promote equality between classes, the US opted to exclude the provision health care from the federal government’s list of responsibilities. Unlike in those industrialized nations, there was no ideological consensus in the US that health care was a right. Therefore, national health care was seen as being outside the purview of the state. In part due to the distinctive, deep-seated suspicion of large government, its role was relegated to tackle piecemeal health care issues as they gained traction though an incremental, â€Å"disjointed† (Lindblom; Tuohy, p. 71) process. The federal government has been essentially limited to use health care policy as a tool only when problems within the existing health care system, such as access, affordability for the consumer, overall cost and efficiency, are framed as discrete, palatable issues at opportune times. Any attempt to create a rational, comprehensive plan, such as a national health plan, has been repeatedly suffocated by warring ideologies and the intricacies of US policy-making system. The following three examples epitomize the way in which federal health care policies are inadvertently borne in response to symptoms of a lacking heath care system. In the 1940s, the federal government began to subsidize hospital construction and improvements with the Hill-Burton Act. In the 1960s, the federal government commenced funding health care coverage for specific, deserving populations with Medicare and Mecaid. Beginning in the 1970s, the federal government became involved in regulatory program aimed to control spending – including the Professional Standards Review Organization. In each of these cases, the federal government had a role because of the specific framing of the finite problem. In the 1940s, the federal government’s involvement with health care policy was initially focused on subsidizing the ‘supply side’ of the health care system. This tactic aimed to expand the US health care system, while appeasing those who believed its operation should be left to the free-market. Federal support began with non-partisan, low-hanging fruit, which included the passage of the Hill-Burton Act. It was a bill that â€Å"appealed to everyone and alienated no one† (Rohrer, p. 141), created in response to geographic variations in hospital services – especially a lack of hospitals in rural America. The bill aimed to expand the physical infrastructure of the US health care system by building (and later, improving) hospitals throughout the country. Some, like the doctor representing the Committee of Physicians for the Improvement of Medicine, knew that targeting one small piece of a flawed health care system was not going to a long-term solution. H e warned that subsidizing hospitals could â€Å"lull the nation into thinking that its health problems were solved† (Rohrer, p. 141; Starr), but that only a national health insurance plan would make accessibility universal. It was clear that the Hill-Burton Act, despite its good intentions, was not the product of a rational, overarching plan to address issues of health care access. Rather, it was a shortsighted attempt to construct and upgrade hospitals that mistakenly oriented the entire health care system to overuse hospitals. In Senator Edward Kennedy’s words, the Hill-Burton Act â€Å"allowed a wasteful, inefficient health care system to perpetuate itself† (p. 144). He called for a restructuring of the health care system to shift the policy community towards planning how the system should operate, rather than implementing reactive bandages. Membrane Physiology EssayThe creation of PSROs was another product of contingencies; a program viewed as acceptable because it was non-threatening, but theoretically could have contained costs had in not been administered by the same group it was trying to influence. That PSROs turned out to be â€Å"better suited to the industry’s expansion than to its retrenchment† (Morone, p. 269) is evidence of the fact that is was created for its mere tolerability. This – and most other regulatory programs at this time – never had the rational, big-picture forethought attached to them to ensure their success One of the major lessons learned from these examples of the federal government’s forays into health care policy is that when incrementalism is the strategy – whether by choice or because of the political climate – it becomes even harder to implement a thoughtful, well-organized program. Coherence and continuity are extremely difficult to plan for without being able to predict what the political climate or national mood will be like, what will have changed and what will be the same. At this point, it seems the federal government is incapable of addressing the flaws of the US healthcare system with an overarching, rational, and thoughtful plan. Implementing such a plan would first require ideological consensus, which seems more and more unlikely in this increasing partisan world. This individualistic, market-driven system has become so engrained into the American conceptualization of the health care system that it is nearly impossible to meaningfully restructure th e health care system. Even with a majority (not consensus) there is so much uncertainty in the lawmaking process and congressional â€Å"institution itself – its intricate rules, processes, folkways, and coalitions.† (Blumenthal and Morone, p. 165). This intersection of ideology and lawmaking almost precludes the passage of a national health plan, without a major cultural shift towards prioritizing health as a human right.

Overcoming Adversity- The Alchemist free essay sample

All the adversity Eve had In my life, all the troubles and obstacles have strengthened me.. . You may not realize when It happened, but a kick In the teeth may be the best thing in the world for you. -Walt Disney. In The Alchemist by Paulo Cello, Santiago journey across the desert in search of his personal legend. He overcomes negativity, the love of a beautiful woman, and the fear of actually realizing his own dream.In the story, Santiago must overcome many obstacles so that he may achieve his personal agenda. These Include being told that you cant do It, risk losing the woman you love, and the fear of success. During Santiago Journey he Is told by the crystal merchant that he will never achieve his personal legend. The old merchant said, But you know that Im not going to Mecca, just as I know that you are not going to buy your sheep. We will write a custom essay sample on Overcoming Adversity- The Alchemist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was pure luck that Santiago would meet the crystal merchant. The man gave him a job, and a place to live.Santiago was very surprised when the man would not give him his blessing before he left. In the beginning when Santiago started working for the merchant he said that Santiago would not be able to make enough money In over a year to make It to the pyramids. It Is during this time that the boy mustve been thinking about whether or not he would continue with the journey. Finally, after leaving the merchants he decides to go to the caravan. Santiago doesnt give into the merchants negativity, but instead he decides to continue seeking his personal legend.While many people in our lives tell us things are impossible, we also must Orr about our loved ones. During the Journey to his personal legend, Santiago must risk losing his love, Fatima. On page 122 He even says, level found Fatima, and as far as Im concerned, Shes worth more than treasure This Is one of the hardest parts of the entire journey for Santiago. He knows he has just found the love of his life, but he knows he must continue his Journey. He wants his personal legend, but he doesnt want to risk losing Fatima. The way he overcomes this is by hearing the caring words of The Alchemist. The Alchemist says to the boy on page 120, muff must understand that love never keeps a man from pursuing his personal legend. If he abandons that pursuit Its because It was never true love. These words give the boy the courage to once again pursue his personal legend. Risking the peoples love that someone may care about is a common obstacle in attaining your personal legends, just like the fear of realizing your dream. Santiago fears realizing his dream once he is finally about to achieve it. If he wanted to he could now return to the oasis, go jack to Fatima and live his life as a simple Sheppard. (160) To the best of the boys knowledge, he has finally completed the Journey towards his personal legend. He believes that there Is nothing else to be learned so he can go back now. In sports this same feeling has been called, The fear of success and is what causes many athletes to choke. Many times along the Journey of life, people go through so much to achieve something that they might even forget what they are trying to achieve in the first place.Finally, after thinking it over, the regained his focus on achieving his goal. The fear of success can be very hard to overcome but Just like everything else, you must keep working. In the story Santiago over comes being told he cant achieve Walt Disney is trying to say in his quote is that even in the hardest times, adversity will only teach you and help you get closer to your dream. Everyone in life is going to have adversity on the path to their dream, but it is how you handle it that will determine whether or not the dream is realized.